Joints of the Skeleton.....

Joints of the Skeleton

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I). Definition
        Articulations:
            Joints are the weakest part of the skeleton.
II). Classification

A). Functional:
B). Structure:

III) Types of Joints

A). Fibrous:

The amount of movement is based on the length of the tissue fibers.

1). Sutures

2). Syndesmoses

Limited movement:

Considerable movement:
 

3). Gomphoses

B). Cartilaginous Joints

Bones are united by cartilage and there is no cavity between the bones.

1). Synchondrosis

hyaline cartilage unites the bones at the junction of cartilage

2). Symphyses

Cartilage fuses into a pad of fibrocartilage that is compressible and allows some movement.

 C). Synovial Joints

Articulating bones are separated by a fluid-containing joint cavity.

IV). Structure of Synovial Joints

A). Articular Cartilage 
 B). Synovial (joint) cavity   
C). Articular Capsule  
D). Synovial Fluid.
E). Reinforcing Ligaments  
F). Fatty Pads or Articular Discs
G). Bursae

	Flattened sacs that contain synovial fluid.
	Functions to reduce friction.

H). Tendon Sheath

A bursa that wraps around a tendon that is subject to friction.

V). Factors Influencing Joint Stability

A). The shape of articular surfaces.

B). Ligaments
C). Muscle Tone

VI).  Types of Synovial Joints

A). Plane Joints

Flat articular surfaces

B). Hinge Joints

Cylindrical projections (condyles) fit into concave shapes

C). Pivot Joints

The rounded end of one bone fits into the sleeve of bone or ligaments

D). Condyloid or Ellipsoidal Joints

The oval surface of one bone fits into the depression of another bone

E). Saddle Joints

both concave and convex surfaces that allow for more movement

F). Ball-and-Socket Joints

Spherical head of bone articulates into a cup like surface of another.

VII).  Examples of Joints

A).  Knees Joint

B).  Hip Joint

C).  Shoulder Joint

D).  Elbow Joint