NCLEX - MS Nursing Review on CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER

NCLEX Review Liver Lecture ....

Some Digestive System Definitions and meanings..........

 

 

Digestive System

Question	Answer
celi/o	belly; abdomen
cheil/o	lip
amyl/o	starch
bil/i	gall; bile
chol/e	gall; bile
chlorhydr/o	hydrochloric acid
lith/o	stone
steat/o	fat
-ase	enzyme
-chezia	defecation; elimination of wastes
-iasis	abnormal condition
-prandial	meal
an/o	anus
append/o	appendix
appendic/o	appendix
bucc/o	cheek
cec/o	cecum
cholecyst/o	gall bladder
choledoch/o	common bile duct
col/o	colon
dent/i	tooth
duoden/o	duodeneum
enter/o	intestines
esophag/o	esophagus
faci/o	face
gastr/o	stomach
gingiv/o	gums
gloss/o	tongue
hepat/o	liver
ile/o	ileum
jejun/o	jejum
labi/o	lip
lapar/o	abdominal wall
lingu/o	tongue
mandibul/o	mandible
odont/o	tooth
or/o	mouth
palat/o	palate
pancreat/o	pancreas
peritone/o	peritoneum
pharyng/o	pharynx (throat)
proct/o	anus and rectum
pylor/o	pyloric sphincter
rect/o	rectum
sialaden/o	salivary gland
sigmoid/o	sigmoid colon
stomat/o	mouth
uvul/o	uvula
bilirubin/o	bilirubin
gluc/o	sugar
glycogen/o	glycogen, animal starch
lip/o	fat; lipid
prote/o	protein
sial/o	saliva, salivary
Passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream	absorption
Building blocks of proteins, produced when proteins are digested	amino acids
Enzyme secreted by the pancreas to digest starch	amylase
Opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body	anus
Blind pouch hanging from the cecum; RLQ	appendix
Digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. It breaks up (emulsifies) large fat globules	bile
Pigment released by the liver in bile	bilirubin
First part of the large intestine	cecum
Carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum	common bile duct
First part of the small intestine; measures 12" long	duodenum
Small sac under the liver	gallbladder
Simple sugar	glucose
Starch; glucose is stored in the form of this in the liver cells	glycogen
Third part of the small intestine, often the area of obstruction	ileum
Hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. It transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver	insulin
Second part of the small intestine	jejunum
Pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats	lipase
A large organ in the RUQ. Secretes bile, stores sugar, iron, vitamins, produces blood proteins and destroys worn out RBC's. Normally weighs 2 1/2-3 #	liver
Ring of muscles between the esophagus and the stomach. AKA cardiac sphincter	lower esophageal sphincter
Organ under the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes	pancreas
Salivary gland within the cheek; just anterior to the ear	parotid gland
Throat, the common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose	pharynx
Large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines	portal vein
Ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum	pyloric sphincter
Distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum	pyloris
Parotid, sublingual and submandibular glands	salivary glands
Forth and last s-shaped segment of the colon	sigmoid colon
Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus	viral hepatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas	pancreatitis
Chronic degenerative disease of the liver	cirrhosis
Gallstones in the gallbladder	cholelithiasis
Twisting of the intestines on itself	volvulus
Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers	ulcerative colitis
Group of gastraintestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension	irritable bowel syndrome-IBS
Telescoping of the intestines	intussusception
Failure of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines	ileus
Swollen, twisted varicose veins of the rectal region	hemorrhoids
Painful, inflamed intestines	dysentery
Abnormal side pockets in the intestinal wall	diverticulosis
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract	crohn's disease
Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both	colorectal cancer
Polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon	colonic polyposis
Abnormal tube-like passage way near the anus	anal fistula
Open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum	peptic ulcer
Protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle that normally contains it	hernia
Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach	gastroesophageal reflux disease-GERD
Malignant tumor of the stomach	gastric carcinoma
Swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus	esophageal varices
Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax	achalasia
Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone	periodontal disease
White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth	oral leukoplakia
Inflammation of the mouth by infection with the herpes virus	herpetic stomatitis
Tooth decay	dental caries
Inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers	aphthous stomatitis
Fat in the feces; froth, foul-smelling fecal matter	steatorrhea
Unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit	nausea
Black, tarry stools; feces containing digested blood	melena
Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood	jaundice
Passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum	hematochezia
Gas expelled through the anus	flatus
Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth	eructation
Difficulty in swallowing	dysphagia
Frequent passage of loose, watery stools	diarrhea
Difficulty in passing stools	constipation
Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid or both in the GI tract	borborygmus
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen	ascites
lack of appetite	anorexia
The combining form eti/o means: A. cause B. disease C. beginning D. condition	A
Mr. Wayne is scheduled to have a visual examination of the distal end of his descending colon that leads into the rectum. This procedure is called a ____scopy. A. sigmoid/o B. jejun/o C. colon/o D. cecum/o	A
The medical term for gallstones is: A. calcia B. calcium C. calculi D. calculus	C
What is the term for a failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax? A. achalasia B. GERD C. esophageal varices D. borborygmus	A

Respiration mneumonic Song.......

Respiration Song To the tune of "Every Breath You Take" by the Police Lyrics by Brooks Park

Every breath you take with every snore you wake, every bond you break For energy you make I’ll be respiring too. Every single day you breath CO2 away, So that oxygen may diffuse for your lungs to use. You’ll be respiring too. O can’t you see? oxygen is good for me, How my strong heart beats, to give oxygen my cells need Every breath you take, alveoli will make your surface area fat capillaries absorb air from that I’ll be respiring too. Since I breath, I am lost without a breath six minutes without air would surely cause my death I look around and see the whole world respires because of metabolism and the oxygen it requires I keep breathin, breathin, breathin, AIR! O can’t you see, your lungs should stay clean stay away from those smokes unless you wants your lungs broke I’ll be watching you!

Lyric http://whhs.guhsd.net/park/respsong.html
Grapic http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lungs_diagram_simple.svg

Ap Songs......

AP Song Book

Down in the Kidneys (tune: "Up on the Housetop") Written by: Dr. Kent Van De Graaff
Down in the kidneys much goes on. Urine is created all day long. From the glomeruli it soon goes, Through proximal tubules, where it flows. Henle is the loop it visits next. For specific details, read your text! Distal convolutions pick it up, And transport it to the papillary duct. Papillae drain into renal palaces. The larger ones are called major calyces The renal pelvis collects it all. Next thing you know, it begins to fall. Down the ureters it swiftly goes. Where it next arrives, everybody knows. From the bladder urine will flee Out the urethra when you pee